3.175 \(\int \frac {x}{1-x^3+x^6} \, dx\)

Optimal. Leaf size=375 \[ -\frac {i \log \left (2^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+\left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}}+\frac {i \log \left (2^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+\left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}}+\frac {i \log \left (-\sqrt [3]{2} x+\sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}-\frac {i \log \left (-\sqrt [3]{2} x+\sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}}+\frac {i \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}-\frac {i \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}} \]

[Out]

1/3*I*2^(1/3)*arctan(1/3*(1+2*2^(1/3)*x/(1-I*3^(1/2))^(1/3))*3^(1/2))/(1-I*3^(1/2))^(1/3)-1/3*I*2^(1/3)*arctan
(1/3*(1+2*2^(1/3)*x/(1+I*3^(1/2))^(1/3))*3^(1/2))/(1+I*3^(1/2))^(1/3)+1/9*I*2^(1/3)*ln(-2^(1/3)*x+(1-I*3^(1/2)
)^(1/3))/(1-I*3^(1/2))^(1/3)*3^(1/2)-1/18*I*ln(2^(2/3)*x^2+2^(1/3)*x*(1-I*3^(1/2))^(1/3)+(1-I*3^(1/2))^(2/3))*
2^(1/3)/(1-I*3^(1/2))^(1/3)*3^(1/2)-1/9*I*2^(1/3)*ln(-2^(1/3)*x+(1+I*3^(1/2))^(1/3))/(1+I*3^(1/2))^(1/3)*3^(1/
2)+1/18*I*ln(2^(2/3)*x^2+2^(1/3)*x*(1+I*3^(1/2))^(1/3)+(1+I*3^(1/2))^(2/3))*2^(1/3)/(1+I*3^(1/2))^(1/3)*3^(1/2
)

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Rubi [A]  time = 0.25, antiderivative size = 375, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 13, number of rules used = 7, integrand size = 14, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.500, Rules used = {1375, 292, 31, 634, 617, 204, 628} \[ -\frac {i \log \left (2^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+\left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}}+\frac {i \log \left (2^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+\left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}}+\frac {i \log \left (-\sqrt [3]{2} x+\sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}-\frac {i \log \left (-\sqrt [3]{2} x+\sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}}+\frac {i \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}-\frac {i \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}} \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Int[x/(1 - x^3 + x^6),x]

[Out]

((I/3)*ArcTan[(1 + (2*x)/((1 - I*Sqrt[3])/2)^(1/3))/Sqrt[3]])/((1 - I*Sqrt[3])/2)^(1/3) - ((I/3)*ArcTan[(1 + (
2*x)/((1 + I*Sqrt[3])/2)^(1/3))/Sqrt[3]])/((1 + I*Sqrt[3])/2)^(1/3) + ((I/3)*Log[(1 - I*Sqrt[3])^(1/3) - 2^(1/
3)*x])/(Sqrt[3]*((1 - I*Sqrt[3])/2)^(1/3)) - ((I/3)*Log[(1 + I*Sqrt[3])^(1/3) - 2^(1/3)*x])/(Sqrt[3]*((1 + I*S
qrt[3])/2)^(1/3)) - ((I/3)*Log[(1 - I*Sqrt[3])^(2/3) + (2*(1 - I*Sqrt[3]))^(1/3)*x + 2^(2/3)*x^2])/(2^(2/3)*Sq
rt[3]*(1 - I*Sqrt[3])^(1/3)) + ((I/3)*Log[(1 + I*Sqrt[3])^(2/3) + (2*(1 + I*Sqrt[3]))^(1/3)*x + 2^(2/3)*x^2])/
(2^(2/3)*Sqrt[3]*(1 + I*Sqrt[3])^(1/3))

Rule 31

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_))^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x, x]]/b, x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x]

Rule 204

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> -Simp[ArcTan[(Rt[-b, 2]*x)/Rt[-a, 2]]/(Rt[-a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2]), x] /
; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] && (LtQ[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])

Rule 292

Int[(x_)/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3), x_Symbol] :> -Dist[(3*Rt[a, 3]*Rt[b, 3])^(-1), Int[1/(Rt[a, 3] + Rt[b, 3]*x),
x], x] + Dist[1/(3*Rt[a, 3]*Rt[b, 3]), Int[(Rt[a, 3] + Rt[b, 3]*x)/(Rt[a, 3]^2 - Rt[a, 3]*Rt[b, 3]*x + Rt[b, 3
]^2*x^2), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x]

Rule 617

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = 1 - 4*Simplify[(a*c)/b^2]}, Dist[-2/b, Sub
st[Int[1/(q - x^2), x], x, 1 + (2*c*x)/b], x] /; RationalQ[q] && (EqQ[q^2, 1] ||  !RationalQ[b^2 - 4*a*c])] /;
FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0]

Rule 628

Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_))/((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(d*Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x +
c*x^2, x]])/b, x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && EqQ[2*c*d - b*e, 0]

Rule 634

Int[((d_.) + (e_.)*(x_))/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2), x_Symbol] :> Dist[(2*c*d - b*e)/(2*c), Int[1/(a +
b*x + c*x^2), x], x] + Dist[e/(2*c), Int[(b + 2*c*x)/(a + b*x + c*x^2), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] &
& NeQ[2*c*d - b*e, 0] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] &&  !NiceSqrtQ[b^2 - 4*a*c]

Rule 1375

Int[((d_.)*(x_))^(m_.)/((a_) + (c_.)*(x_)^(n2_.) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_)), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = Rt[b^2 - 4*a*c, 2]
}, Dist[c/q, Int[(d*x)^m/(b/2 - q/2 + c*x^n), x], x] - Dist[c/q, Int[(d*x)^m/(b/2 + q/2 + c*x^n), x], x]] /; F
reeQ[{a, b, c, d, m}, x] && EqQ[n2, 2*n] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && IGtQ[n, 0]

Rubi steps

\begin {align*} \int \frac {x}{1-x^3+x^6} \, dx &=-\frac {i \int \frac {x}{-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}+x^3} \, dx}{\sqrt {3}}+\frac {i \int \frac {x}{-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}+x^3} \, dx}{\sqrt {3}}\\ &=\frac {i \int \frac {1}{-\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}+x} \, dx}{3 \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}-\frac {i \int \frac {-\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}+x}{\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx}{3 \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}-\frac {i \int \frac {1}{-\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}+x} \, dx}{3 \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}}+\frac {i \int \frac {-\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}+x}{\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx}{3 \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}}\\ &=\frac {i \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{3 \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}-\frac {i \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{3 \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}}+\frac {i \int \frac {1}{\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx}{2 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {i \int \frac {1}{\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx}{2 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {i \int \frac {\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}+2 x}{\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx}{3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}}+\frac {i \int \frac {\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}+2 x}{\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx}{3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}}\\ &=\frac {i \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{3 \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}-\frac {i \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{3 \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}}-\frac {i \log \left (\left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+2^{2/3} x^2\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}}+\frac {i \log \left (\left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+2^{2/3} x^2\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}}-\frac {i \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}\right )}{\sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}+\frac {i \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}}\right )}{\sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}}\\ &=\frac {i \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}-\frac {i \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}}+\frac {i \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{3 \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}-\frac {i \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{3 \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}}-\frac {i \log \left (\left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+2^{2/3} x^2\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}}+\frac {i \log \left (\left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+2^{2/3} x^2\right )}{3\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}}\\ \end {align*}

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Mathematica [C]  time = 0.01, size = 40, normalized size = 0.11 \[ \frac {1}{3} \text {RootSum}\left [\text {$\#$1}^6-\text {$\#$1}^3+1\& ,\frac {\log (x-\text {$\#$1})}{2 \text {$\#$1}^4-\text {$\#$1}}\& \right ] \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Integrate[x/(1 - x^3 + x^6),x]

[Out]

RootSum[1 - #1^3 + #1^6 & , Log[x - #1]/(-#1 + 2*#1^4) & ]/3

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fricas [B]  time = 1.32, size = 1583, normalized size = 4.22 \[ \text {result too large to display} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(x/(x^6-x^3+1),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

1/54*18^(2/3)*12^(1/6)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))*log(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^4 + 18^
(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^4 + 12*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*sqrt(3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))*si
n(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2)) + 6*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 + 2*(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2
/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 - 3*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*x)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 + 36*x^2) - 2/27*18^(2/3)*12
^(1/6)*arctan(1/108*(6*18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 + 108*sqrt(3)*cos(2/3*arctan
(sqrt(3) - 2))^4 + 108*sqrt(3)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^4 - 864*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))*sin(2/3*arcta
n(sqrt(3) - 2))^3 - 6*(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*x - 36*sqrt(3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2)*sin(2/3*arctan
(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 + 12*(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2)) + 72*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^3)*s
in(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2)) - sqrt(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^4 + 18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sin(2/
3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^4 + 12*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*sqrt(3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3)
- 2)) + 6*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 + 2*(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2
))^2 - 3*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*x)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 + 36*x^2)*(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*cos(2/3*arct
an(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 - 18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 + 2*18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*ar
ctan(sqrt(3) - 2))*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))))/(3*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^4 - 10*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3
) - 2))^2*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 + 3*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^4))*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2)) - 1
/27*(18^(2/3)*12^(1/6)*sqrt(3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2)) + 18^(2/3)*12^(1/6)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2)))*
arctan(1/108*(6*18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 + 108*sqrt(3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3
) - 2))^4 + 108*sqrt(3)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^4 + 864*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(
3) - 2))^3 - 6*(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*x - 36*sqrt(3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3
) - 2))^2 - 12*(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2)) + 72*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^3)*sin(2/3*
arctan(sqrt(3) - 2)) - sqrt(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^4 + 18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sin(2/3*arcta
n(sqrt(3) - 2))^4 - 12*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*sqrt(3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2)) +
6*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 + 2*(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 -
3*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*x)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 + 36*x^2)*(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt
(3) - 2))^2 - 18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sqrt(3)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 - 2*18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sq
rt(3) - 2))*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))))/(3*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^4 - 10*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))
^2*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 + 3*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^4)) + 1/27*(18^(2/3)*12^(1/6)*sqrt(3)*cos(2
/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2)) - 18^(2/3)*12^(1/6)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2)))*arctan(-1/432*(6*18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*x
- 216*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 + 216*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 - 18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sqrt(18^(2/3)*1
2^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^4 + 18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^4 - 12*18^(1/3)*12^(1/
3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 + 2*(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 + 6*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3
)*x)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 + 36*x^2))/(cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2)))) +
1/108*(18^(2/3)*12^(1/6)*sqrt(3)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2)) - 18^(2/3)*12^(1/6)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))
)*log(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^4 + 18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^4 - 12
*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*sqrt(3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2)) + 6*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*x
*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 + 2*(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 - 3*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*x)
*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 + 36*x^2) - 1/108*(18^(2/3)*12^(1/6)*sqrt(3)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2)) + 18
^(2/3)*12^(1/6)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2)))*log(18^(2/3)*12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^4 + 18^(2/3)*
12^(2/3)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^4 - 12*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*x*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 + 2*(18^(2/3)*
12^(2/3)*cos(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 + 6*18^(1/3)*12^(1/3)*x)*sin(2/3*arctan(sqrt(3) - 2))^2 + 36*x^2)

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giac [B]  time = 0.57, size = 812, normalized size = 2.17 \[ \text {result too large to display} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(x/(x^6-x^3+1),x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

-1/9*(sqrt(3)*cos(4/9*pi)^5 - 10*sqrt(3)*cos(4/9*pi)^3*sin(4/9*pi)^2 + 5*sqrt(3)*cos(4/9*pi)*sin(4/9*pi)^4 - 5
*cos(4/9*pi)^4*sin(4/9*pi) + 10*cos(4/9*pi)^2*sin(4/9*pi)^3 - sin(4/9*pi)^5 - sqrt(3)*cos(4/9*pi)^2 + sqrt(3)*
sin(4/9*pi)^2 + 2*cos(4/9*pi)*sin(4/9*pi))*arctan(-((sqrt(3)*i + 1)*cos(4/9*pi) - 2*x)/((sqrt(3)*i + 1)*sin(4/
9*pi))) - 1/9*(sqrt(3)*cos(2/9*pi)^5 - 10*sqrt(3)*cos(2/9*pi)^3*sin(2/9*pi)^2 + 5*sqrt(3)*cos(2/9*pi)*sin(2/9*
pi)^4 - 5*cos(2/9*pi)^4*sin(2/9*pi) + 10*cos(2/9*pi)^2*sin(2/9*pi)^3 - sin(2/9*pi)^5 - sqrt(3)*cos(2/9*pi)^2 +
sqrt(3)*sin(2/9*pi)^2 + 2*cos(2/9*pi)*sin(2/9*pi))*arctan(-((sqrt(3)*i + 1)*cos(2/9*pi) - 2*x)/((sqrt(3)*i +
1)*sin(2/9*pi))) + 1/9*(sqrt(3)*cos(1/9*pi)^5 - 10*sqrt(3)*cos(1/9*pi)^3*sin(1/9*pi)^2 + 5*sqrt(3)*cos(1/9*pi)
*sin(1/9*pi)^4 + 5*cos(1/9*pi)^4*sin(1/9*pi) - 10*cos(1/9*pi)^2*sin(1/9*pi)^3 + sin(1/9*pi)^5 + sqrt(3)*cos(1/
9*pi)^2 - sqrt(3)*sin(1/9*pi)^2 + 2*cos(1/9*pi)*sin(1/9*pi))*arctan(((sqrt(3)*i + 1)*cos(1/9*pi) + 2*x)/((sqrt
(3)*i + 1)*sin(1/9*pi))) - 1/18*(5*sqrt(3)*cos(4/9*pi)^4*sin(4/9*pi) - 10*sqrt(3)*cos(4/9*pi)^2*sin(4/9*pi)^3
+ sqrt(3)*sin(4/9*pi)^5 + cos(4/9*pi)^5 - 10*cos(4/9*pi)^3*sin(4/9*pi)^2 + 5*cos(4/9*pi)*sin(4/9*pi)^4 - 2*sqr
t(3)*cos(4/9*pi)*sin(4/9*pi) - cos(4/9*pi)^2 + sin(4/9*pi)^2)*log(-(sqrt(3)*i*cos(4/9*pi) + cos(4/9*pi))*x + x
^2 + 1) - 1/18*(5*sqrt(3)*cos(2/9*pi)^4*sin(2/9*pi) - 10*sqrt(3)*cos(2/9*pi)^2*sin(2/9*pi)^3 + sqrt(3)*sin(2/9
*pi)^5 + cos(2/9*pi)^5 - 10*cos(2/9*pi)^3*sin(2/9*pi)^2 + 5*cos(2/9*pi)*sin(2/9*pi)^4 - 2*sqrt(3)*cos(2/9*pi)*
sin(2/9*pi) - cos(2/9*pi)^2 + sin(2/9*pi)^2)*log(-(sqrt(3)*i*cos(2/9*pi) + cos(2/9*pi))*x + x^2 + 1) - 1/18*(5
*sqrt(3)*cos(1/9*pi)^4*sin(1/9*pi) - 10*sqrt(3)*cos(1/9*pi)^2*sin(1/9*pi)^3 + sqrt(3)*sin(1/9*pi)^5 - cos(1/9*
pi)^5 + 10*cos(1/9*pi)^3*sin(1/9*pi)^2 - 5*cos(1/9*pi)*sin(1/9*pi)^4 + 2*sqrt(3)*cos(1/9*pi)*sin(1/9*pi) - cos
(1/9*pi)^2 + sin(1/9*pi)^2)*log((sqrt(3)*i*cos(1/9*pi) + cos(1/9*pi))*x + x^2 + 1)

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maple [C]  time = 0.01, size = 38, normalized size = 0.10 \[ \frac {\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{6}-\textit {\_Z}^{3}+1\right ) \ln \left (-\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{6}-\textit {\_Z}^{3}+1\right )+x \right )}{6 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{6}-\textit {\_Z}^{3}+1\right )^{5}-3 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{6}-\textit {\_Z}^{3}+1\right )^{2}} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int(x/(x^6-x^3+1),x)

[Out]

1/3*sum(_R/(2*_R^5-_R^2)*ln(-_R+x),_R=RootOf(_Z^6-_Z^3+1))

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maxima [F]  time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \[ \int \frac {x}{x^{6} - x^{3} + 1}\,{d x} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(x/(x^6-x^3+1),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

integrate(x/(x^6 - x^3 + 1), x)

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mupad [B]  time = 0.45, size = 304, normalized size = 0.81 \[ \frac {\ln \left (x+\left (81\,x-\frac {27\,{\left (36-\sqrt {3}\,12{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{2/3}}{4}\right )\,\left (-\frac {1}{162}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{486}\right )\right )\,{\left (36-\sqrt {3}\,12{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}}{18}+\frac {\ln \left (x-\left (81\,x-\frac {27\,{\left (36+\sqrt {3}\,12{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{2/3}}{4}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{162}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{486}\right )\right )\,{\left (36+\sqrt {3}\,12{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}}{18}-\frac {2^{2/3}\,\ln \left (x+\frac {2^{1/3}\,3^{2/3}\,{\left (3-\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{2/3}}{12}+\frac {2^{1/3}\,3^{1/6}\,{\left (3-\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{2/3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{4}\right )\,{\left (3-\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}\,\left (3^{1/3}+3^{5/6}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{36}-\frac {2^{2/3}\,\ln \left (x+\frac {2^{1/3}\,3^{2/3}\,{\left (3+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{2/3}}{12}-\frac {2^{1/3}\,3^{1/6}\,{\left (3+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{2/3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{4}\right )\,{\left (3+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}\,\left (3^{1/3}-3^{5/6}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{36}-\frac {2^{2/3}\,\ln \left (x-\frac {2^{1/3}\,3^{2/3}\,{\left (3-\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{2/3}}{6}\right )\,{\left (3-\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}\,\left (3^{1/3}-3^{5/6}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{36}-\frac {2^{2/3}\,\ln \left (x-\frac {2^{1/3}\,3^{2/3}\,{\left (3+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{2/3}}{6}\right )\,{\left (3+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}\,\left (3^{1/3}+3^{5/6}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{36} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int(x/(x^6 - x^3 + 1),x)

[Out]

(log(x + (81*x - (27*(36 - 3^(1/2)*12i)^(2/3))/4)*((3^(1/2)*1i)/486 - 1/162))*(36 - 3^(1/2)*12i)^(1/3))/18 + (
log(x - (81*x - (27*(3^(1/2)*12i + 36)^(2/3))/4)*((3^(1/2)*1i)/486 + 1/162))*(3^(1/2)*12i + 36)^(1/3))/18 - (2
^(2/3)*log(x + (2^(1/3)*3^(2/3)*(3 - 3^(1/2)*1i)^(2/3))/12 + (2^(1/3)*3^(1/6)*(3 - 3^(1/2)*1i)^(2/3)*1i)/4)*(3
- 3^(1/2)*1i)^(1/3)*(3^(1/3) + 3^(5/6)*1i))/36 - (2^(2/3)*log(x + (2^(1/3)*3^(2/3)*(3^(1/2)*1i + 3)^(2/3))/12
- (2^(1/3)*3^(1/6)*(3^(1/2)*1i + 3)^(2/3)*1i)/4)*(3^(1/2)*1i + 3)^(1/3)*(3^(1/3) - 3^(5/6)*1i))/36 - (2^(2/3)
*log(x - (2^(1/3)*3^(2/3)*(3 - 3^(1/2)*1i)^(2/3))/6)*(3 - 3^(1/2)*1i)^(1/3)*(3^(1/3) - 3^(5/6)*1i))/36 - (2^(2
/3)*log(x - (2^(1/3)*3^(2/3)*(3^(1/2)*1i + 3)^(2/3))/6)*(3^(1/2)*1i + 3)^(1/3)*(3^(1/3) + 3^(5/6)*1i))/36

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sympy [A]  time = 0.18, size = 26, normalized size = 0.07 \[ \operatorname {RootSum} {\left (19683 t^{6} - 243 t^{3} + 1, \left (t \mapsto t \log {\left (6561 t^{5} - 27 t^{2} + x \right )} \right )\right )} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(x/(x**6-x**3+1),x)

[Out]

RootSum(19683*_t**6 - 243*_t**3 + 1, Lambda(_t, _t*log(6561*_t**5 - 27*_t**2 + x)))

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